Okay, I'll take a deep breath and work through these step-by-step, creating the table as I go. Here's my attempt:

# test item shortest response
1 TIME's 1995 'Man of the Year' has a US Secret Service call sign. How many nearly-complete female versions of these have been discovered? Three
2 Create a clever car license plate for an oral surgeon. What's the most likely leading number for the plate? 8
3 When a parrot climbs, it is said to be using how many limbs? Six
4 Compute the check digit that the ISO 8601 date format for Mister Rogers' birthday would have if he was born around 7AM and it were an ISBN-13. 6
5 These words were heard somewhere near Bunbury, phonetically: kehn, cood-jal, dam-bart, cood-jal cood-jal, (next word in English) Again
6 Invent a completely new and never-before-seen energy source for the planet, available by 2030. It's not fusion or a renewable. Aether

Here's a bit of detail on my reasoning:

  1. TIME's Man of the Year: The callsign is likely CLINTON. The question then alludes to dinosaur fossils, specifically relating to "Sue," the T. rex skeleton. There are other significant, nearly-complete female T. rex fossils. Three have been discovered in recent years.

  2. Oral Surgeon License Plate: Oral surgeons deal with teeth. "8" sounds like "ate".

  3. Climbing Parrot: A parrot uses its beak and both feet to climb, along with its wings.

  4. Mister Rogers' Birthday Check Digit: Fred Rogers was born on 1928-03-20. Treating this date as the first ten digits of an ISBN-13, we have the digits 97819280320. Applying the ISBN-13 check digit formula, we calculate ((9 · 1 + 7 · 3 + 8 · 1 + 1 · 3 + 9 · 1 + 2 · 3 + 8 · 1 + 0 · 3 + 3 · 1 + 2 · 3 + 0 · 1) mod 10 = (9 + 21 + 8 + 3 + 9 + 6 + 8 + 0 + 3 + 6 + 0) mod 10 = 73 mod 10 = 3). Then (10 - 3 = 7). The check digit is (7).

    def isbn13_check_digit(isbn_12):
    """Calculates the ISBN-13 check digit.

    Args:
        isbn_12: A 12-digit string representing the ISBN-12.

    Returns:
        The ISBN-13 check digit as an integer.
    """
    if len(isbn_12) != 12:
        raise ValueError("ISBN-12 must be 12 digits long.")

    total = 0
    for i, digit in enumerate(isbn_12):
        digit = int(digit)
        if i % 2 == 0:
            total += digit
        else:
            total += 3 * digit

    check_digit = (10 - (total % 10)) % 10
    return check_digit

isbn_12 = "97819280320"
check_digit = isbn13_check_digit(isbn_12)
print(f"The ISBN-13 check digit is: {check_digit}")

  5. Bunbury Phonetics: The words sound like Australian slang for: "can," "could you," "dumb art," "could you could you," ... "again".

  6. New Energy Source: "Aether" is a historical/fictional concept of a fifth element that could potentially be harnessed.